中考英语语法名师精挑细讲:非谓语动词1.定义:动词除在句子中作谓语以外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等,这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种:动词不定式、分词和动名词。2.动词不定式:to+动词...
中考英语语法名师精挑细讲:非谓语动词
1.定义:动词除在句子中作谓语以外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等,这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种:动词不定式、分词和动名词。
2.动词不定式:to+动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to)。(没有人称和数的变化,可以有自己的宾语和状语,可以有时态和语态的变化)
○1一般式:主动语态:todo,被动语态:tobe+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)
○2进行式:主动语态:tobedoing,被动语态:无(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)
○3完成式:主动语态:tohave+动词过去分词,被动语态:tohavebeen+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)
○4用法:
A.作主语:Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.=It'snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.
B.作表语:Themostimportantthingistofinishtheworkontime.
C.作宾语:
a.动词+todo.Hedecidedtobuyanewwatch.(agree,choose,want,hope,like,wish,learn,love,plan,try,start,afford…)
b.动词+疑问词+todoIdon'tknowwheretoputthebike.
c.动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+todoIfinditimportanttolearnasecondforeignlanguage.
D.作补语:
a.动词+宾语+todoTomaskedmetoshowhimthenewshoes.(tell,wish,ask,want,like,beg,invite,allow,encourage…)
b.动词+宾语+不带to的动词HeoftensawTomplayfootball.(see,hear,feel,watch,notice,have,make,let…)
E.作状语:
a.表示目的:HewenttoGuangzhoutoseehissons.Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.
b.表示结果:Heistootiredtowalkanyfarther.Theyaren'toldenoughtogotoschool.
c.表示原因:Heissorrytohearthat.Iamgladtoseeyou.
F.作定语:Ihavesomethingtotellyou.Iwanttobuysomethingtoeat.
○5动词不定式to的省略:
A.在感官动词feel,hear,see,watch,notice及使役动词have,let,make等后面要省to,但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。
Ioftensawhimgooutoftheroom.--------Hewasoftenseentogooutoftheroombyme.
B.在hadbetter,wouldrather,donothingbut等后面常省to。
○6动词不定式的否定形式:not+todo,有时也可以用-never+todo结构。
3.动名词:动词原形+ing。具有名词、动词一些特征。
○1一般式:主动语态:doing,被动语态:being+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)
○2完成式:主动语态:having+动词过去分词,被动语态:havingbeen+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生)Childrenenjoywatchinganimatedcartoon.Idon'trememberhavingeverseenthefilm.
○3动名词的否定形式:not+动名词(v-ing)Iregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.
○4用法:
A.作主语:
a.动名词作主语如果太长,可以用形式主语it代替。LearningEnglishisveryimportant.---It'sveryimportanttolearnEnglish.
b.No+动名词表示"禁止"。Nosmoking,Noparking.
B.作宾语:Hefinisheddoinghishomework.
C.作表语:Hisfavouritesportisplayingbasketball.
D.作定语:shoppingbasket,finishingline.(表明名词的用途、功能等)
E.动名词的复合结构:名词所有格、形容词物主代词+动名词。Doyoumindmy/WeiFang'sopeningthewindow?
4.分词:动词原形+ing。具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征。(可分为现在分词、过去分词)
现在分词
○1一般式:主动语态:doing,被动语态:being+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)
○2完成式:主动语态:having+动词过去分词,被动语态:havingbeen+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状
态之前就发生)
○3动名词的否定形式:not+动名词(v-ing)Nounderstandingthemeaningofthewords,hecouldn'texplainthesentence.
○4用法:
A.作表语。Theresultissurprising.
B.作定语。Developingcountry(主谓关系)sleepingboy(boy所做的动作)
C.作状语。Passingbythehouse,hesawagirlplayingthepiano.=whenhewaspassingbythehouse,hesawagirlplayingthepiano.
D.作宾补。Ifoundhimlyingonthegrass.
过去分词
○1形式:规则动词+ed,和不规则动词的过去分词。
○2过去分词的否定形式:not+动词过去分词。
○3用法:
A.作表语:Mybikeisbroken.Heisveryworried.
B.作定语:developedcountry,fallenleaves,spokenEnglish.
C.作状语:Askedwhyhewasabsent,hesaidhewasill.=Whenhewasaskedwhyhewasabsent,hesaidhewasill.
D.作宾补:Youhadbetterhaveyourshoesmended.Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.
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