爵士舞是现代非常受欢迎的一种舞蹈，起源于美国的爵士舞最早其实是跟黑人有关系的。下面是出国留学网()托福频道小编为大家带来的爵士舞发展史的托福阅读背景知识，希望对大家有所帮助!爵士舞的发展史Therootsofjazz(爵士起源)Thefol...
爵士舞是现代非常受欢迎的一种舞蹈，起源于美国的爵士舞最早其实是跟黑人有关系的。下面是出国留学网()托福频道小编为大家带来的爵士舞发展史的托福阅读背景知识，希望对大家有所帮助!
爵士舞的发展史
Therootsofjazz(爵士起源)
ThefolksongsandplantationdancemusicofblackAmericanscontributedmuchtoearlyjazz.TheseformsofmusicoccurredthroughouttheSouthernUnitedStatesduringthelate1800's.
Ragtime,amusicalstylethatinfluencedearlyjazz,emergedfromtheSt.Louis,Mo.,areainthelate1890's.ItquicklybecamethemostpopularmusicstyleintheUnitedStates.Ragtimewasanenergeticandsyncopatedvarietyofmusic,primarilyforthepiano,thatemphasizedformalcomposition.
Thebluesisaformofmusicthathasalwaysbeenanimportantpartofjazz.TheblueswasespeciallywidespreadintheAmericanSouth.Itsmournfulscaleandsimplerepeatedharmonieshelpedshapethecharacterofjazz.Jazzinstrumentalistshavelongexploitedthebluesasavehicleforimprovisation.
Earlyjazz.(早期爵士)
FullydevelopedjazzmusicprobablyoriginatedinNewOrleansatthebeginningofthe1900's.NewOrleansstylejazzemergedfromthecity'sownmusicaltraditionsofbandmusicforblackfuneralprocessionsandstreetparades.Today,thistypeofjazzissometimescalledclassicjazz,traditionaljazz,orDixielandjazz.NewOrleanswasthemusicalhomeofthefirstnotableplayersandcomposersofjazz,includingcornetistsBuddyBoldenandKingOliver,cornetistandtrumpeterLouisArmstrong,saxophonistandclarinetistSidneyBechet,andpianistJellyRollMorton.
JazzsoonspreadfromNewOrleanstootherpartsofthecountry.FateMarableledaNewOrleansbandthatplayedonriverboatstravelingupanddowntheMississippiRiver.KingOlivermigratedtoChicago,andJellyRollMortonperformedthroughouttheUnitedStates.FivewhitemusiciansformedabandinNewOrleans,playedinChicago,andtraveledtoNewYorkCity,callingthemselvestheOriginalDixielandJazzBand(thespellingwassoonchangedto"Jazz").Thisgroupmadetheearliestjazzphonographrecordingsin1917.MamieSmithrecorded"CrazyBlues"in1920,andrecordingsofragtime,blues,andjazzofvariouskindssoonpopularizedthemusictoalargeandeagerpublic.
The1920's(20世纪20年代的爵士)
The1920'shavebeencalledthegoldenageofjazzorthejazzage.Commercialradiostations,whichfirstappearedinthe1920's,featuredliveperformancesbythegrowingnumberofjazzmusicians.NewOrleans;Memphis;St.Louis;KansasCity,Missouri;Chicago;Detroit;andNewYorkCitywereallimportantcentersofjazz.
AgroupofMidwestyouths,manyfromChicago'sAustinHighSchool,developedatypeofimprovisationandarrangementthatbecameknownas"Chicagostyle"jazz.ThesemusiciansincludedtrumpetersJimmyMcPartlandandMuggsySpanier;cornetistBixBeiderbecke;clarinetistsFrankTeschemacher,PeeWeeRussell,MezzMezzrow,andBennyGoodman;saxophonistsFrankieTrumbauerandBudFreeman;drummersDaveTough,GeorgeWettling,andGeneKrupa;andguitaristEddieCondon.Theyplayedharmonicallyinventivemusic,andthetechnicalabilityofsomeoftheplayers,especiallyGoodman,wasatahigherlevelthanthatofmanyearlierperformers.
InNewYorkCity,JamesP.Johnsonpopularizedanewmusicalstylefromragtimecalledstridepiano.Instridepiano,thelefthandplaysalternatingsinglenotesandchordsthatmoveupanddownthescalewhiletherighthandplayssolomelodies,accompanyingrhythms,andinterestingchordalpassages.Johnsonstronglyinfluencedotherjazzpianists,notablyCountBasie,DukeEllington,ArtTatum,FatsWaller,andTeddyWilson.
FletcherHendersonwasthefirstmajorfigureinbigbandjazz.In1923,hebecamethefirstleadertoorganizeajazzbandintosectionsofbrass,reed,andrhythminstruments.Hisarranger,DonRedman,wasthefirsttomasterthetechniqueofscoringmusicforbigbands.VariousHendersonbandsofthe1920'sand1930'sincludedsuchgreatjazzinstrumentalistsasLouisArmstrongandsaxophonistsBennyCarterandColemanHawkins.
ArmstrongmadesomeofhismostfamousrecordingswithhisownHotFiveandHotSevencombosfrom1925to1928.Theserecordingsrankamongthemasterpiecesofjazz,alongwithhisduorecordingsofthesameperiodwithpianistEarl"Fatha"Hines.Armstrongalsobecamethefirstwell-knownmalejazzsinger,andpopularizedscatsinging-thatis,wordlesssyllablessunginaninstrumentalmanner.
Duringthelate1920'sandearly1930's,jazzadvancedfromrelativelysimplemusicplayedbyperformerswhooftencouldnotreadmusictoamorecomplexandsophisticatedform.AmongthemusicianswhobroughtaboutthischangeweresaxophonistsBennyCarter,ColemanHawkins,andJohnnyHodges;theteamofviolinistJoeVenutiandguitaristEddieLang;andpianistArtTatum.ManypeopleconsiderTatumthemostinspiredandtechnicallygiftedimproviserinjazzhistory.
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